C and C++ Cheat Sheet

Hey guys, so I've brought a great post today for some  Programmers. Here's a cheat sheet of C & C++ that may help you during programming. This sheet contains all the information required to make a better program.

C and C++ Cheat Sheet

libraries
#include <stdio.h> input and output functions
#include <string.h> string related functions
#include <stdlib.h> memory allocation, rand, and other functions
#include <math.h> math functions
#include <time.h> time related functions

functions
returnType functionName( input1Type input1Name, input2Type input2Name, …. )
{
// do something
return value; // value must be of type returnType
}

comments
// one line comments this is a C++ style one line comment
/* multiple line this is a traditional C style comment
block comment */

variable types
char holds a character, or a number from -128 to 127 (1 byte)
bool holds a Boolean value, either true or false (1 byte)
int hold an integer (a positive or negative number with NO decimal, 4 bytes)
float holds a real number (a positive or negative number with a decimal, 4 bytes)
void no type, raw binary data

conditionals
A == B  if A is equal to B, this is true; otherwise, it’s false
A != B   if A is NOT equal to B, this is true; otherwise, it’s false
A < B    if A is less than B, this is true; otherwise, it’s false

A > B    if A is greater B, this is true; otherwise, it’s false
A <= B  if A is less than or equal to B, this is true; otherwise, it’s false

A >= B  if A is greater or equal to B, this is true; otherwise, it’s false

control flow 
if ( conditional )
{
// do something
}

if ( conditional )
{
// do something
}
else
{
// do something else
}

if ( conditional )
{
// do something
}
else if ( another_conditional )
{
// do something else
}
else
{
// do something as default
}

While 

while ( conditional )                       placing “break;” inside a while loop
{                                                     breaks out of the loop
// do something                             placing “continue;” inside a while
}                                                     loop jumps to the start of the next loop

for ( initialization; test; command )
{
// do something
}
“break;” and “continue;” can be
used within for loops as well with
identical effects

this is equivalent to:

initialization;
while( test )
{
// do something
command;
}

switch ( variable )
{
case value1:
// do something
break;
case value2:
// do something else
break;
default:
// do something by default
break;
}

this is equivalent to:
if ( variable == value1 )
{
// do something
}
else if ( variable = value2 )
{
// do something else
}
else
{
// do something by default
}

printf formats
%d: integer
%f: float or double
%s: string (char array)
%c: char (single character)

scanf formats
%d: integer
%f: float
%lf: double (first character is L, not one!)
%s: string (char array)
%c: char (single character)

string methods
/* to use these methods, you
must include */
strcpy(char dest[], char src[])
copies src into dest
int strlen(char s[])
returns length of s
int strcmp(char s1[], char s2[])
returns negative if s1 < s2, 0 if s1 == s2 positive if s1 > s2
strcat(char dest[], char src[])
adds src to the end of dest

abstract classes and methods
virtual void sound(char s[]) = 0;
// Reminder: no “abstract” keyword.
// Class headers do not indicate
// whether the class is abstract or
// not. A class is abstract if it
// contains any abstract methods.

if else
if (<condition>)
{ <statement 1>;
}
else
{ <statement 2>;
}

Data Types
int, char, float, double, void, bool

Logical Operators
|| (logical OR), && (logical AND), ! (logical NOT)

Arithmetic Operators
+ (Addition), - (Subtraction), * (Multiplication), / (Division), % (Modulus)

Relational Operators
< (Less than), <= (Less than or equal to), > (Greater than), >= (Greater than or equal to), == (Equal to), != (Not equal to)

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